Immunoglobulin A is the primary immunoglobulin of all mucosal surfaces and exocrine secretions. It exists either as a monomer, dimer, or even a trimer of the basic four-chain structure. IgA can be found in the serum or in exocrine secretions. Secretory IgA is equipped with a polypeptide secretory piece that permits secretion of the IgA molecule across mucous membranes, providing initial protection against pathogens at the mucosal level. Selective IgA deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency in humans, affecting between 1 in 500 and 1 in 700 individuals.
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