Although the function of the immune system is protection of the host from foreign antigens, abnormal immune responses can lead to tissue injury and disease. Gell and Coombs classified the mechanisms of immune tissue injury into four distinct types of reactions, which allows for a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of disease.
1. Type I: anaphylactic or immediate hypersensitivity.
2. Type II: cytotoxic reactions
3. Type III: immune-complex-mediated reactions.
4. Type IV: delayed hypersensitivity
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